Admin Hierarchy

The administrative system of government in states has following approach:

Executive

The executives of the State include- Governor, Council of Ministers and Chief Minister.

Governor

The President of India appoints Governor of a State for a term of five years.

Eligibility: The eligible candidate should be an Indian citizen and must have completed 35 years of age or he should be more than 35 years old. Governor has all the executive powers of the State.

Council of Ministers

Chief Minister of the state is the head of Council of Ministers. He aids and advises Governor in working out his functions. Under Article 371 A of the Constitution the Governor of Nagaland, in consultation of Council of Ministers can implement his individual decision as to the action to be taken in matters relating to law and order.
Similarly, the Governor of Arunachal Pradesh under Article 371H of the Constitution too holds special responsibility with respect to law and order in addition to his functions. Council of Ministers and Governor together implement the individual judgement on the action to be taken. If President sees on meaning in assigning special responsibility to the Governor with respect to law and order, he may so direct by an order.

Governor has additional discretionary powers in tribal areas of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram and more as specified in para 20 of the Sixth Schedule, to share percentages between district council and state government.
The Governor appoints the Chief Minister and other ministers. The Council of Ministers constitutes legislative assembly of the State.

Legislature

The legislature of every state, consists of Governor and one or two Houses. Like Bihar, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh, have two Houses- legislative council and legislative assembly while the remaining states, has only legislative assembly. Parliament may abolish or create a legislative council or Vidhan Parishad on proposal of the concerned legislative assembly.

Legislative Council

Legislative Council of a state comprises one-third of total number of members in legislative assembly of the state and not less than 40 members. About one-third of members of the council are elected by members of legislative assembly from amongst persons who are not its members, one-third by electorates consisting of members of municipalities, district boards and other local authorities in the state, one-twelfth by electorate consisting of persons who have been, for at least three years, engaged in teaching in educational institutions within the state not lower in standard than secondary school and a further one-twelfth by registered graduates of more than three years standing. The rest of the members who might be distinguished personalities from literature, science, art, cooperative movement and social service are nominated by the Governor. Legislative councils can not be dissolved but its one-third members retire every alternate year and are replaced by the new ones.

Legislative Assembly

Legislative Assembly or Vidhan Sabha of a state consists of not more than 500 and not less than 60 members. These members from different territorial constituencies of the state are elected directly. The full term of an assembly is five years though it may be dissolved earlier.

Powers and Functions

State legislature has exclusive powers over subjects enumerated in List II of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution and concurrent powers over those enumerated in List III. Legislature authorizes all expenditure, taxation and credit by the state government. Legislative assembly owes the power to pass money bills. Legislative council can only recommend changes in it within a period of fourteen days of the receipt of money bills from Assembly. Assembly has the right to accept or reject these recommendations.

State legislatures device questions, discussions, debates, adjournments and no-confidence motions and resolutions to keep a check on the daily activities of the executive. Their committees estimates and ensure that grants approved by legislature are properly utilized.

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