Internal Security of India

Border management is one of the important aspects in India’s internal as well as external security. The country has 15106.7 km of land border running through 92 districts in 17 states and a coastline of 7516.6 km touching 13 states and union territories. The total number of islands in India is 1197 which accounts to a stretch of 2094 km additional border or coastline.

Excluding Madhya Pradesh, Chhattishgarh, Jharkhand, Delhi and Haryana, India have one or more international borders or coastline and can be regarded as frontline states which are very much important from the border management point of view.

Apart from international border and coastline, all states have well defined borders. Further addition or elimination of areas to or from a particular state or union territory are made whenever necessary, on the basis of the amendments of the constitution. All types of state border disputes are resolved amicably by the centre. Management of state borders is treated as an important facet in internal security of the nation.

Below is a list of the length of India’s land borders with neighboring countries.

Police Forces

Central Police Forces

Central Police forces perform various jobs during emergencies to maintain internal security of the nation. These police forces are engaged in various quarters of the country for the security arrangement. For example the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) is responsible for the protection of the industries from any damage or security. The CISF has also been offered the charge of providing security majors in Indira Gandhi International Airport and Taj Mahal.

Likewise, the National Security Guard is a Contingency Deployment Force to tackle all facets of terrorism in the country while the Border Security Forces are deployed near international borders to protect the land from infiltration and other related matters.

There are seven police forces under the Home Ministry of the Union Government.

• Indian Police Service
• Assam Rifles
• Border Security Force
• Central Industrial Security Force
• Central Reserve Police Force
• Indo - Tibetan Border Police
• National Security Guard

State & UT Police Forces

• Andhra Pradesh Police
• Orissa Police
• Karnataka Police
• Uttar Pradesh police
• Uttaranchal Police
• Chhattisgarh Police
• Goa Police
• Kerala Police
• Assam Police
• Mizoram Police
• Tripura Police
• Himachal Police
• Arunachal Police
• Meghalaya Police
• Jammu and Kashmir Police
• Punjab Police
• Haryana Police
• Rajasthan Police
• Madhya Pradesh Police
• Chandigarh Police
• Pondicherry Police
• Andaman & Nicobar Police
• Lakshadweep Police
• Tamil Nadu Police
• Bihar Police
• Jharkhand Police
• Gujarat Police
• West Bengal Police
• Nagaland Police

City Police Forces

• Kolkata Police
• Mumbai Police
• Delhi Police
• Chennai Police

Security Concerns

Tackling Natural Calamities
The Ministry of Home Affairs is the nodal ministry for tackling the situation during natural calamities. In coordination with the concerned state governments the ministry provides emergency relief and responses to the people of the affected areas. The type of responses may include search, rescue, evacuation, air dropping, air lifting, communication, transport, food grains and providing with essential commodities and medicines.

Useful Links

• National Disaster Management Authority
• National Institute of Disaster Management
• NationalFoundation for Communal Harmony

Naxal and Maoist Activities
Naxal and Maoists activities are major threats for the national security in the recent period. The Government of India in association with the state governments has adopted a multi pronged strategy to combat the problem of Naxalism in the country. There are continuous talks going on with the Naxal outfits. The government has also tried to solve the grass root level problems concerned with the people. It has accelerated economic development, increased employment opportunities, removed or reduced socio-cultural alienation of the people and has also broaden effective anti-naxalite police actions.

Security Organizations

Apex Organizations

• Ministry of Home Affairs
• CBI
• Research and Analysis Wing (RAW)
• National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB)
• Directorate of Coordination Police Wireless (DCPW)
• Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPRD)
• National Institute of Criminology and Forensic Science (NICFS)
• Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL)
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy (SVPNPA)

Para-military Forces

• Assam Rifles
• Border Security Force
• Central Industrial Security Force
• Central Reserve Police Force
• Rapid Action Force - a semi-independent part of the CRPF
• Indo - Tibetan Border Police
• Rashtriya Rifles
• Defense Security Corps
• Railway Protection Force
• Indian Home Guard
• State Armed Police
• Special Security Bureau